Descriptive statistics of the data are given in Table 1. The first column of Table 1 lists the regions in descending order of mean IQs. The region designated Lazio is sometimes referred to as Latium and consists of Rome and the surrounding countryside. Columns 2 through 4 give the mean scores of 15 year olds on reading comprehension, mathematics and science understanding for the Italian regions obtained in the 2006 PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) study. Column 5 gives the average of these three scores. Column 6 expresses these averages as conventional IQs in relation to a British mean of 100 (SD 15). Columns 7 through 10 give the statures of cohorts of military conscripts born in 1855, 1910, 1927 and 1980. Columns 11 and 12 give per capita income for 1970 and 2003 expressed in euros. Columns 13 and 14 give rates of infant mortality (deaths of infants in the first year of life) per 1.000 births for 1955–1957 and 1999–2002 [...]. Column 15 gives the percentage of the population that was literate in 1880 [...]. Columns 16 through 18 give the average years of education in 1951, 1971 and 2001 [...]. Column 19 gives the approximate latitude of the regions.
The inter-correlations between the variables are given in Table 2. Correlations higher than 0.38 are statistically significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed), and correlations higher than 0.48 are statistically significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
